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Fig. 8. Reduced numbers of PGCs in Smad1, but not Smad2, mutant embryos. (A-C) Dorsal views of alkaline phosphatase (AP)-stained, wild-type and Smad1 mutant hindgut pieces at the 17 somite stage. Arrows indicate PGCs. (A) Wild-type embryo with 87 PGCs. Smad1 homozygous mutants with (B) no PGCs or (C) 14 PGCs. (D) Abundant AP-positive PGCs in an advanced Smad2-/- embryo are mostly present in foci. (E) High-power magnification of a PGC cluster showing that the darkly staining foci contain typical PGCs with a characteristic cytoplasmic spot and darkly staining cell membrane.