|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Development, Vol 111, Issue 1 245-252, Copyright © 1991 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
SM Smith and G Eichele
Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
Retinoic acid (RA) is a signaling molecule apparently involved in a variety of morphogenetic processes, such as patterning of developing and regenerating vertebrate limbs. RA binds to specific intracellular receptors that constitute a multigene family. RA receptors (RAR) bind to the regulatory region of specific target genes and thereby control the expression of these genes. Here we report the sequence and spatiotemporal expression pattern of RAR-beta from chick. Northern blots of RNA from whole embryos and from limb buds reveal the presence of transcripts of 3.2, 3.4, and 4.6 kb in size. Using two riboprobes, one that hybridizes to all three RAR-beta mRNAs and a second one, specific for the 4.6 kb transcript, we found by in situ hybridization a differential distribution of RAR-beta transcripts in limb bud mesenchyme, in craniofacial mesenchyme and in hindbrain neuroectoderm. In the hindbrain the 4.6 kb mRNA exhibits an anterior boundary of expression at the level of the constriction between rhombomeres 5 and 6. Examination of neural plate stage embryos by in situ hybridization indicates that this boundary of expression is already defined by this stage. In addition to having several RA receptors that are expressed with distinct spatial patterns in the embryo, our data indicate that the expression pattern of transcripts derived from a single receptor gene can also be differentially expressed, thus providing another level for regulating RA action.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. Tabin and L. Wolpert Rethinking the proximodistal axis of the vertebrate limb in the molecular era Genes & Dev., June 15, 2007; 21(12): 1433 - 1442. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Zhuang, T. N. Faria, P. Chambon, and L. J. Gudas Identification and Characterization of Retinoic Acid Receptor {beta}2 Target Genes in F9 Teratocarcinoma Cells Mol. Cancer Res., June 1, 2003; 1(8): 619 - 630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Dupe and A. Lumsden Hindbrain patterning involves graded responses to retinoic acid signalling Development, June 15, 2001; 128(12): 2199 - 2208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z. Fu, T. Kubo, K. Sugahara, T. Noguchi, and H. Kato Cloning of Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acids Encoding Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Retinoic Acid Receptor {beta} Isoforms and Changes in Their Gene Expression During Gonadotropic Growth Biol Reprod, January 1, 2001; 64(1): 231 - 241. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Kobayashi, R. T. Yu, K. Yasuda, and K. Umesono Cell-Type-Specific Regulation of the Retinoic Acid Receptor Mediated by the Orphan Nuclear Receptor TLX Mol. Cell. Biol., December 1, 2000; 20(23): 8731 - 8739. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. J. Forehand, E. B. Ezerman, J. P. Goldblatt, D. L. Skidmore, and J. C. Glover Segment-specific pattern of sympathetic preganglionic projections in the chicken embryo spinal cord is altered by retinoids PNAS, September 1, 1998; 95(18): 10878 - 10883. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. H. Zile Vitamin A and Embryonic Development: An Overview J. Nutr., February 1, 1998; 128(2): 455 - 455. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Lu, J. Revelli, L Goering, C Thaller, and G Eichele Retinoid signaling is required for the establishment of a ZPA and for the expression of Hoxb-8, a mediator of ZPA formation Development, January 5, 1997; 124(9): 1643 - 1651. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Lu, G Eichele, and C Thaller Ligand-bound RXR can mediate retinoid signal transduction during embryogenesis Development, January 1, 1997; 124(1): 195 - 203. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T.-M. Lin, W.-J. Young, and C. Chang Multiple Functions of the TR2-11 Orphan Receptor in Modulating Activation of Two Key Cis-acting Elements Involved in the Retinoic Acid Signal Transduction System J. Biol. Chem., December 15, 1995; 270(50): 30121 - 30128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Helms, C Thaller, and G Eichele Relationship between retinoic acid and sonic hedgehog, two polarizing signals in the chick wing bud Development, January 11, 1994; 120(11): 3267 - 3274. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B Lutz, S Kuratani, A. Cooney, S Wawersik, S. Tsai, G Eichele, and M. Tsai Developmental regulation of the orphan receptor COUP-TF II gene in spinal motor neurons Development, January 1, 1994; 120(1): 25 - 36. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P J Swiatek and T Gridley Perinatal lethality and defects in hindbrain development in mice homozygous for a targeted mutation of the zinc finger gene Krox20. Genes & Dev., November 1, 1993; 7(11): 2071 - 2084. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Thaller, C Hofmann, and G Eichele 9-cis-retinoic acid, a potent inducer of digit pattern duplications in the chick wing bud Development, January 7, 1993; 118(3): 957 - 965. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D J Mangelsdorf, U Borgmeyer, R A Heyman, J Y Zhou, E S Ong, A E Oro, A Kakizuka, and R M Evans Characterization of three RXR genes that mediate the action of 9-cis retinoic acid. Genes & Dev., March 1, 1992; 6(3): 329 - 344. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Rossant, R Zirngibl, D Cado, M Shago, and V Giguere Expression of a retinoic acid response element-hsplacZ transgene defines specific domains of transcriptional activity during mouse embryogenesis. Genes & Dev., August 1, 1991; 5(8): 1333 - 1344. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
