|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Development, Vol 117, Issue 2 689-700, Copyright © 1993 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
K Edson, B Weisshaar and A Matus
Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
We have previously shown that microtubules in nonneuronal cells form long, stable bundles after transfection with the embryonic neuronal microtubule-associated protein MAP2c. In this study, we found that treating MAP2c-transfected cells with the actin depolymerising drug cytochalasin B led to the outgrowth of microtubule-containing processes from the cell surface. This effect was specific to MAP2c and did not occur in untransfected cells whose microtubules had been stabilised by treatment with taxol. The outgrowth and retraction of these processes during repeated cycles of cytochalasin addition and removal was followed by video time-lapse microscopy and was suggestive of a physical interaction between compressive forces exerted by the MAP2c-stabilised microtubule bundles and tensile forces originating in the cortical actin network. We suggest that MAP2c confers three properties on cellular microtubules that are essential for process outgrowth: stability, bundling and stiffness. The latter probably arises from the linking together of neighbouring tubulin subunits by three closely spaced tubulin-binding motifs in the MAP2 molecule that limits their motion relative to one another and thus reduces the flexibility of the polymer. Similar multimeric tubulin-binding domains in other proteins of the MAP2 class, including tau in axons and MAP4 in glial cells, may play the same role in the development and support of asymmetric cell morphology. Axial bundles of microtubules are found in growing neurites but not in growth cones, suggesting that the regulated expression of these MAP-induced properties makes an important contribution to the establishment of a stable process behind the advancing growth cone.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. Lee, M. Gravel, R. Zhang, P. Thibault, and P. E. Braun Process outgrowth in oligodendrocytes is mediated by CNP, a novel microtubule assembly myelin protein J. Cell Biol., August 15, 2005; 170(4): 661 - 673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Dehmelt, F. M. Smart, R. S. Ozer, and S. Halpain The Role of Microtubule-Associated Protein 2c in the Reorganization of Microtubules and Lamellipodia during Neurite Initiation J. Neurosci., October 22, 2003; 23(29): 9479 - 9490. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Biernat, Y.-Z. Wu, T. Timm, Q. Zheng-Fischhofer, E. Mandelkow, L. Meijer, and E.-M. Mandelkow Protein Kinase MARK/PAR-1 Is Required for Neurite Outgrowth and Establishment of Neuronal Polarity Mol. Biol. Cell, November 1, 2002; 13(11): 4013 - 4028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Belanger, C. A. Farah, M. D. Nguyen, M. Lauzon, S. Cornibert, and N. Leclerc The projection domain of MAP2b regulates microtubule protrusion and process formation in Sf9 cells J. Cell Sci., January 4, 2002; 115(7): 1523 - 1539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Ferhat, G. Rami, I. Medina, Y. Ben-Ari, and A. Represa Process formation results from the imbalance between motor-mediated forces J. Cell Sci., January 11, 2001; 114(21): 3899 - 3904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. T. Lin, J. G. Gleeson, J. C. Corbo, L. Flanagan, and C. A. Walsh DCAMKL1 Encodes a Protein Kinase with Homology to Doublecortin that Regulates Microtubule Polymerization J. Neurosci., December 15, 2000; 20(24): 9152 - 9161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Ozer and S. Halpain Phosphorylation-dependent Localization of Microtubule-associated Protein MAP2c to the Actin Cytoskeleton Mol. Biol. Cell, October 1, 2000; 11(10): 3573 - 3587. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. B. Mukaetova-Ladinska, F. Garcia-Siera, J. Hurt, H. J. Gertz, J. H. Xuereb, R. Hills, C. Brayne, F. A. Huppert, E. S. Paykel, M. McGee, et al. Staging of Cytoskeletal and {beta}-Amyloid Changes in Human Isocortex Reveals Biphasic Synaptic Protein Response during Progression of Alzheimer's Disease Am. J. Pathol., August 1, 2000; 157(2): 623 - 636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Horesh, T. Sapir, F. Francis, S. G. Wolf, M. Caspi, M. Elbaum, J. Chelly, and O. Reiner Doublecortin, a stabilizer of microtubules Hum. Mol. Genet., September 1, 1999; 8(9): 1599 - 1610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Matsumura, T. Yamazaki, and Y. Ihara Stable Expression in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells of Mutated Tau Genes Causing Frontotemporal Dementia and Parkinsonism Linked to Chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) Am. J. Pathol., June 1, 1999; 154(6): 1649 - 1656. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Bradke and C. G. Dotti The Role of Local Actin Instability in Axon Formation Science, March 19, 1999; 283(5409): 1931 - 1934. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Felgner, R. Frank, J. Biernat, E.-M. Mandelkow, E. Mandelkow, B. Ludin, A. Matus, and M. Schliwa Domains of Neuronal Microtubule-associated Proteins and Flexural Rigidity of Microtubules J. Cell Biol., September 8, 1997; 138(5): 1067 - 1075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Leger, M. Kempf, G. Lee, and R. Brandt Conversion of Serine to Aspartate Imitates Phosphorylation-induced Changes in the Structure and Function of Microtubule-associated Protein Tau J. Biol. Chem., March 28, 1997; 272(13): 8441 - 8446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. C. Cunningham, N. Leclerc, L. A. Flanagan, M. Lu, P. A. Janmey, and K. S. Kosik Microtubule-associated Protein 2c Reorganizes Both Microtubules and Microfilaments into Distinct Cytological Structures in an Actin-binding Protein-280-deficient Melanoma Cell Line J. Cell Biol., February 24, 1997; 136(4): 845 - 857. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P Lamoureux, Z. Altun-Gultekin, C Lin, J. Wagner, and S. Heidemann Rac is required for growth cone function but not neurite assembly J. Cell Sci., January 3, 1997; 110(5): 635 - 641. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U Preuss, J Biernat, E. Mandelkow, and E Mandelkow The 'jaws' model of tau-microtubule interaction examined in CHO cells J. Cell Sci., January 3, 1997; 110(6): 789 - 800. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. Marsden, T. Doll, J. Ferralli, F. Botteri, and A. Matus Transgenic Expression of Embryonic MAP2 in Adult Mouse Brain: Implications for Neuronal Polarization J. Neurosci., May 15, 1996; 16(10): 3265 - 3273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L Ferhat, A Represa, A Bernard, Y Ben-Ari, and M Khrestchatisky MAP2d promotes bundling and stabilization of both microtubules and microfilaments J. Cell Sci., January 5, 1996; 109(5): 1095 - 1103. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B Ludin, K Ashbridge, U Funfschilling, and A Matus Functional analysis of the MAP2 repeat domain J. Cell Sci., January 1, 1996; 109(1): 91 - 99. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Leger, R Brandt, and G Lee Identification of tau protein regions required for process formation in PC12 cells J. Cell Sci., January 12, 1994; 107(12): 3403 - 3412. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Ferralli, T Doll, and A Matus Sequence analysis of MAP2 function in living cells J. Cell Sci., January 11, 1994; 107(11): 3115 - 3125. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T Doll, M Meichsner, B. Riederer, P Honegger, and A Matus An isoform of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) containing four repeats of the tubulin-binding motif J. Cell Sci., January 10, 1993; 106(2): 633 - 639. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
