|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Development, Vol 121, Issue 3 707-720, Copyright © 1995 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
M Pannese, C Polo, M Andreazzoli, R Vignali, B Kablar, G Barsacchi and E Boncinelli
DIBIT, Istituto Scientifico H. S. Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
In this paper we study Xotx2, a Xenopus homeobox gene related to orthodenticle, a gene expressed in the developing head of Drosophila. The murine cognate, Otx2, is first expressed in the entire epiblast of prestreak embryos and later in very anterior regions of late-gastrulae, including the neuroectoderm of presumptive fore- and mid-brain. In Xenopus, RNase protection experiments reveal that Xotx2 is expressed at low levels throughout early development from unfertilized egg to late blastula, when its expression level significantly increases. Whole-mount in situ hybridization shows a localized expression in the dorsal region of the marginal zone at stage 9.5. At stage 10.25 Xotx2 is expressed in dorsal bottle cells and in cells of the dorsal deep zone fated to give rise to prechordal mesendoderm, suggesting a role in the specification of very anterior structures. In stage 10.5 gastrulae, Xotx2 transcripts start to be detectable also in presumptive anterior neuroectoderm, where they persist in subsequent stages. Various treatments of early embryos cause a general reorganization of Xotx2 expression. In particular, retinoic acid treatment essentially abolishes Xotx2 expression in neuroectoderm. Microinjection of Xotx2 mRNA in 1-, 2- and 4-cell stage embryos causes the appearance of secondary cement glands and partial secondary axes in embryos with reduced trunk and tail structures. The presence of the Xotx2 homeodomain is required to produce these effects. In particular, this homeodomain contains a specific lysine residue at position 9 of the recognition helix. Microinjected transcripts of Xotx2 constructs containing a homeodomain where this lysine is substituted by a glutamine or a glutamic acid residue fail to cause these effects.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  H. Danno, T. Michiue, K. Hitachi, A. Yukita, S. Ishiura, and M. Asashima Molecular links among the causative genes for ocular malformation: Otx2 and Sox2 coregulate Rax expression PNAS, April 8, 2008; 105(14): 5408 - 5413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Kibardin, O. Ossipova, and S. Y. Sokol Metastasis-associated kinase modulates Wnt signaling to regulate brain patterning and morphogenesis Development, August 1, 2006; 133(15): 2845 - 2854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kuriyama, G. Lupo, K. Ohta, S.-i. Ohnuma, W. A. Harris, and H. Tanaka Tsukushi controls ectodermal patterning and neural crest specification in Xenopus by direct regulation of BMP4 and X-delta-1 activity Development, January 1, 2006; 133(1): 75 - 88. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. McNulty, J. N. Peres, N. Bardine, W. M. R. van den Akker, and A. J. Durston Knockdown of the complete Hox paralogous group 1 leads to dramatic hindbrain and neural crest defects Development, June 15, 2005; 132(12): 2861 - 2871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Gestri, M. Carl, I. Appolloni, S. W. Wilson, G. Barsacchi, and M. Andreazzoli Six3 functions in anterior neural plate specification by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting Bmp4 expression Development, May 15, 2005; 132(10): 2401 - 2413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Oda-Ishii, V. Bertrand, I. Matsuo, P. Lemaire, and H. Saiga Making very similar embryos with divergent genomes: conservation of regulatory mechanisms of Otx between the ascidians Halocynthia roretzi and Ciona intestinalis Development, April 1, 2005; 132(7): 1663 - 1674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Delaune, P. Lemaire, and L. Kodjabachian Neural induction in Xenopus requires early FGF signalling in addition to BMP inhibition Development, January 15, 2005; 132(2): 299 - 310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Kurokawa, N. Takasaki, H. Kiyonari, R. Nakayama, C. Kimura-Yoshida, I. Matsuo, and S. Aizawa Regulation of Otx2 expression and its functions in mouse epiblast and anterior neuroectoderm Development, July 15, 2004; 131(14): 3307 - 3317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Peng, B.-H. Jiang, P.-H. Yang, Z. Cao, X. Shi, M. C. M. Lin, M.-L. He, and H.-f. Kung Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling Is Involved in Neurogenesis during Xenopus Embryonic Development J. Biol. Chem., July 2, 2004; 279(27): 28509 - 28514. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Mercurio, B. Latinkic, N. Itasaki, R. Krumlauf, and J. C. Smith Connective-tissue growth factor modulates WNT signalling and interacts with the WNT receptor complex Development, May 1, 2004; 131(9): 2137 - 2147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Saint-Germain, Y.-H. Lee, Y. Zhang, T. D. Sargent, and J.-P. Saint-Jeannet Specification of the otic placode depends on Sox9 function in Xenopus Development, April 15, 2004; 131(8): 1755 - 1763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Zuber, G. Gestri, A. S. Viczian, G. Barsacchi, and W. A. Harris Specification of the vertebrate eye by a network of eye field transcription factors Development, November 1, 2003; 130(21): 5155 - 5167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Galli, A. Roure, R. Zeller, and R. Dono Glypican 4 modulates FGF signalling and regulates dorsoventral forebrain patterning in Xenopus embryos Development, October 15, 2003; 130(20): 4919 - 4929. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Hiratani, N. Yamamoto, T. Mochizuki, S.-y. Ohmori, and M. Taira Selective degradation of excess Ldb1 by Rnf12/RLIM confers proper Ldb1 expression levels and Xlim-1/Ldb1 stoichiometry in Xenopus organizer functions Development, September 1, 2003; 130(17): 4161 - 4175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Martinez-Morales, V. Dolez, I. Rodrigo, R. Zaccarini, L. Leconte, P. Bovolenta, and S. Saule OTX2 Activates the Molecular Network Underlying Retina Pigment Epithelium Differentiation J. Biol. Chem., June 6, 2003; 278(24): 21721 - 21731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-I. Yabe, K. Tanegashima, Y. Haramoto, S. Takahashi, T. Fujii, S. Kozuma, Y. Taketani, and M. Asashima FRL-1, a member of the EGF-CFC family, is essential for neural differentiation in Xenopus early development Development, May 15, 2003; 130(10): 2071 - 2081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Viczian, R. Vignali, M. E. Zuber, G. Barsacchi, and W. A. Harris XOtx5b and XOtx2 regulate photoreceptor and bipolar fates in the Xenopus retina Development, April 1, 2003; 130(7): 1281 - 1294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Bell, I. Munoz-Sanjuan, C. R. Altmann, A. Vonica, and A. H. Brivanlou Cell fate specification and competence by Coco, a maternal BMP, TGF{beta} and Wnt inhibitor Development, April 1, 2003; 130(7): 1381 - 1389. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Lupo, W. A. Harris, G. Barsacchi, and R. Vignali Induction and patterning of the telencephalon in Xenopus laevis Development, January 12, 2002; 129(23): 5421 - 5436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. C. Wardle, D. H. Wainstock, and H. L. Sive Cement gland-specific activation of the Xag1 promoter is regulated by co-operation of putative Ets and ATF/CREB transcription factors Development, January 10, 2002; 129(19): 4387 - 4397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Kiecker and C. Niehrs A morphogen gradient of Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling regulates anteroposterior neural patterning in Xenopus Development, November 1, 2001; 128(21): 4189 - 4201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. McClintock, R. Carlson, D. M. Mann, and V. E. Prince Consequences of Hox gene duplication in the vertebrates: an investigation of the zebrafish Hox paralogue group 1 genes Development, July 1, 2001; 128(13): 2471 - 2484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. T. Rasmussen, M. A. Deardorff, C. Tan, M. S. Rao, P. S. Klein, and M. L. Vetter Regulation of eye development by frizzled signaling in Xenopus PNAS, March 27, 2001; 98(7): 3861 - 3866. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Gomez-Skarmeta, E de La Calle-Mustienes, and J Modolell The Wnt-activated Xiro1 gene encodes a repressor that is essential for neural development and downregulates Bmp4 Development, January 2, 2001; 128(4): 551 - 560. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Lake, R Ford, and K. Kao Xrel3 is required for head development in Xenopus laevis Development, January 1, 2001; 128(2): 263 - 273. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. SALLESE, L. SALVATORE, E. D’URBANO, G. SALA, M. STORTO, T. LAUNEY, F. NICOLETTI, T. KNÖPFEL, and A. DE BLASI The G-protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK4 mediates homologous desensitization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 FASEB J, December 1, 2000; 14(15): 2569 - 2580. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Perveen, I. C. Lloyd, J. Clayton–Smith, A. Churchill, V. van Heyningen, I. Hanson, D. Taylor, C. McKeown, M. Super, B. Kerr, et al. Phenotypic Variability and Asymmetry of Rieger Syndrome Associated with PITX2 Mutations Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., August 1, 2000; 41(9): 2456 - 2460. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Stancheva and R. R. Meehan Transient depletion of xDnmt1 leads to premature gene activation in Xenopus embryos Genes & Dev., February 1, 2000; 14(3): 313 - 327. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O Kazanskaya, A Glinka, and C Niehrs The role of Xenopus dickkopf1 in prechordal plate specification and neural patterning Development, January 11, 2000; 127(22): 4981 - 4992. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H Weber, C. Symes, M. Walmsley, A. Rodaway, and R. Patient A role for GATA5 in Xenopus endoderm specification Development, January 10, 2000; 127(20): 4345 - 4360. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M Umbhauer, A Penzo-Mendez, L Clavilier, J Boucaut, and J Riou Signaling specificities of fibroblast growth factor receptors in early Xenopus embryo J. Cell Sci., January 8, 2000; 113(16): 2865 - 2875. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Djiane, J Riou, M Umbhauer, J Boucaut, and D Shi Role of frizzled 7 in the regulation of convergent extension movements during gastrulation in Xenopus laevis Development, January 7, 2000; 127(14): 3091 - 3100. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Itoh and S. Y. Sokol Axis determination by inhibition of Wnt signaling in Xenopus Genes & Dev., September 1, 1999; 13(17): 2328 - 2336. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Boncinelli Review : Otx and Emx Homeobox Genes in Brain Development Neuroscientist, May 1, 1999; 5(3): 164 - 172. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Chow, C. Altmann, R. Lang, and A Hemmati-Brivanlou Pax6 induces ectopic eyes in a vertebrate Development, January 10, 1999; 126(19): 4213 - 4222. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Ermakova, E. Alexandrova, O. Kazanskaya, O. Vasiliev, M. Smith, and A. Zaraisky The homeobox gene, Xanf-1, can control both neural differentiation and patterning in the presumptive anterior neurectoderm of the Xenopus laevis embryo Development, January 10, 1999; 126(20): 4513 - 4523. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Andreazzoli, G Gestri, D Angeloni, E Menna, and G Barsacchi Role of Xrx1 in Xenopus eye and anterior brain development Development, January 6, 1999; 126(11): 2451 - 2460. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Sun, S. Bush, L. Collins-Racie, E. LaVallie, E. DiBlasio-Smith, N. Wolfman, J. McCoy, and H. Sive derriere: a TGF-beta family member required for posterior development in Xenopus Development, January 4, 1999; 126(7): 1467 - 1482. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y Suda, J Nakabayashi, I Matsuo, and S Aizawa Functional equivalency between Otx2 and Otx1 in development of the rostral head Development, January 2, 1999; 126(4): 743 - 757. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. E. Mead, Y. Zhou, K. D. Lustig, T. L. Huber, M. W. Kirschner, and L. I. Zon Cloning of Mix-related homeodomain proteins using fast retrieval of gel shift activities, (FROGS), a technique for the isolation of DNA-binding proteins PNAS, September 15, 1998; 95(19): 11251 - 11256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Guazzi, M. L. Pintonello, A. Vigano, and E. Boncinelli Regulatory Interactions between the Human HOXB1, HOXB2, and HOXB3 Proteins and the Upstream Sequence of the Otx2 Gene in Embryonal Carcinoma Cells J. Biol. Chem., May 1, 1998; 273(18): 11092 - 11099. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Breen, A. D. Agulnick, H. Westphal, and I. B. Dawid Interactions between LIM Domains and the LIM Domain-binding Protein Ldb1 J. Biol. Chem., February 20, 1998; 273(8): 4712 - 4717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q Xu, P. D'Amore, and S. Sokol Functional and biochemical interactions of Wnts with FrzA, a secreted Wnt antagonist Development, January 12, 1998; 125(23): 4767 - 4776. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y Grinblat, J Gamse, M Patel, and H Sive Determination of the zebrafish forebrain: induction and patterning Development, January 11, 1998; 125(22): 4403 - 4416. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Zygar, T. Cook, and R. Grainger Gene activation during early stages of lens induction in Xenopus Development, January 9, 1998; 125(17): 3509 - 3519. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kuo, M Patel, J Gamse, C Merzdorf, X Liu, V Apekin, and H Sive Opl: a zinc finger protein that regulates neural determination and patterning in Xenopus Development, January 8, 1998; 125(15): 2867 - 2882. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Hallonet, T Hollemann, R Wehr, N. Jenkins, N. Copeland, T Pieler, and P Gruss Vax1 is a novel homeobox-containing gene expressed in the developing anterior ventral forebrain Development, January 7, 1998; 125(14): 2599 - 2610. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Deardorff, C Tan, L. Conrad, and P. Klein Frizzled-8 is expressed in the Spemann organizer and plays a role in early morphogenesis Development, January 7, 1998; 125(14): 2687 - 2700. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D Acampora, V Avantaggiato, F Tuorto, P Barone, H Reichert, R Finkelstein, and A Simeone Murine Otx1 and Drosophila otd genes share conserved genetic functions required in invertebrate and vertebrate brain development Development, January 5, 1998; 125(9): 1691 - 1702. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Rhinn, A Dierich, W Shawlot, R. Behringer, M Le Meur, and S. Ang Sequential roles for Otx2 in visceral endoderm and neuroectoderm for forebrain and midbrain induction and specification Development, January 3, 1998; 125(5): 845 - 856. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Mailhos, S Andre, B Mollereau, A Goriely, A Hemmati-Brivanlou, and C Desplan Drosophila Goosecoid requires a conserved heptapeptide for repression of paired-class homeoprotein activators Development, January 3, 1998; 125(5): 937 - 947. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J van der Wees, J. Schilthuis, C. Koster, H Diesveld-Schipper, G. Folkers, P. van der Saag, M. Dawson, K Shudo, B van der Burg, and A. Durston Inhibition of retinoic acid receptor-mediated signalling alters positional identity in the developing hindbrain Development, January 2, 1998; 125(3): 545 - 556. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. V. Latinkic, M. Umbhauer, K. A. Neal, W. Lerchner, J. C. Smith, and V. Cunliffe The Xenopus Brachyury promoter is activated by FGF and low concentrations ofactivinandsuppressed by high concentrationsof activin and by paired-type homeodomain proteins Genes & Dev., December 1, 1997; 11(23): 3265 - 3276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R.-H. Xu, J. Kim, M. Taira, D. Sredni, and H.-f. Kung Studies on the Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling in Neurogenesis Using Conjugated/Aged Animal Caps and Dorsal Ectoderm-Grafted Embryos J. Neurosci., September 15, 1997; 17(18): 6892 - 6898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-C. Hernandez, P. J. Andres-Barquin, S. Martinez, A. Bulfone, J. L.R. Rubenstein, and M. A. Israel ENC-1: A Novel Mammalian Kelch-Related Gene Specifically Expressed in the Nervous System Encodes an Actin-Binding Protein J. Neurosci., May 1, 1997; 17(9): 3038 - 3051. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Taira, J.-P. Saint-Jeannet, and I. B. Dawid Role of the Xlim-1 and Xbra genes in anteroposterior patterning of neural tissue by the head and trunk organizer PNAS, February 4, 1997; 94(3): 895 - 900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Epstein, G Pillemer, R Yelin, J. Yisraeli, and A Fainsod Patterning of the embryo along the anterior-posterior axis: the role of the caudal genes Development, January 10, 1997; 124(19): 3805 - 3814. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Kimura, N Takeda, M Suzuki, M Oshimura, S Aizawa, and I Matsuo Cis-acting elements conserved between mouse and pufferfish Otx2 genes govern the expression in mesencephalic neural crest cells Development, January 10, 1997; 124(20): 3929 - 3941. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Foley, K. Storey, and C. Stern The prechordal region lacks neural inducing ability, but can confer anterior character to more posterior neuroepithelium Development, January 8, 1997; 124(15): 2983 - 2996. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Fan and S. Sokol A role for Siamois in Spemann organizer formation Development, January 7, 1997; 124(13): 2581 - 2589. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Andreazzoli, M Pannese, and E Boncinelli Activating and repressing signals in head development: the role of Xotx1 and Xotx2 Development, January 5, 1997; 124(9): 1733 - 1743. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Witta and S. Sato XIPOU 2 is a potential regulator of Spemann's Organizer Development, January 3, 1997; 124(6): 1179 - 1189. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Grapin-Botton, M. Bonnin, and N. Le Douarin Hox gene induction in the neural tube depends on three parameters: competence, signal supply and paralogue group Development, January 2, 1997; 124(4): 849 - 859. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
