|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Development, Vol 121, Issue 4 993-1004, Copyright © 1995 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
IL Blitz and KW Cho
Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine 92717-2300, USA.
In order to study the regional specification of neural tissue we isolated Xotx2, a Xenopus homolog of the Drosophila orthodenticle gene. Xotx2 is initially expressed in Spemann's organizer and its expression is absent in the ectoderm of early gastrulae. As gastrulation proceeds, Xotx2 expression is induced in the overlying ectoderm and this domain of expression moves anteriorly in register with underlying anterior mesoderm throughout the remainder of gastrulation. The expression pattern of Xotx2 suggests that a wave of Xotx2 expression (marking anterior neurectoderm) travels through the ectoderm of the gastrula with the movement of underlying anterior (prechordal plate) mesoderm. This expression of Xotx2 is reminiscent of the Eyal-Giladi model for neural induction. According to this model, anterior neural-inducing signals emanating from underlying anterior mesoderm transiently induce anterior neural tissues after vertical contact with the overlying ectoderm. Further patterning is achieved when the ectoderm receives caudalizing signals as it comes in contact with more posterior mesoderm during subsequent gastrulation movements. Functional characterization of the Xotx2 protein has revealed its involvement in differentiation of the anterior-most tissue, the cement gland. Ectopic expression of Xotx2 in embryos induces extra cement glands in the skin as well as inducing a cement gland marker (XAG1) in isolated animal cap ectoderm. Microinjection of RNA encoding the organizer-specific homeo-domain protein goosecoid into the ventral marginal zone results in induction of the Xotx2 gene. This result, taken in combination with the indistinguishable expression patterns of Xotx2 and goosecoid in the anterior mesoderm suggests that Xotx2 is a target of goosecoid regulation.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  H. Ogino, M. Fisher, and R. M. Grainger Convergence of a head-field selector Otx2 and Notch signaling: a mechanism for lens specification Development, January 15, 2008; 135(2): 249 - 258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Wu, M. O'Donnell, A. D. Gitler, and P. S. Klein Kermit 2/XGIPC, an IGF1 receptor interacting protein, is required for IGF signaling in Xenopus eye development Development, September 15, 2006; 133(18): 3651 - 3660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kibardin, O. Ossipova, and S. Y. Sokol Metastasis-associated kinase modulates Wnt signaling to regulate brain patterning and morphogenesis Development, August 1, 2006; 133(15): 2845 - 2854. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Koide, T. Hayata, and K. W. Y. Cho Negative regulation of Hedgehog signaling by the cholesterogenic enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase Development, June 15, 2006; 133(12): 2395 - 2405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-M. Cruciat, C. Hassler, and C. Niehrs The MRH Protein Erlectin Is a Member of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Synexpression Group and Functions in N-Glycan Recognition J. Biol. Chem., May 5, 2006; 281(18): 12986 - 12993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kuriyama, G. Lupo, K. Ohta, S.-i. Ohnuma, W. A. Harris, and H. Tanaka Tsukushi controls ectodermal patterning and neural crest specification in Xenopus by direct regulation of BMP4 and X-delta-1 activity Development, January 1, 2006; 133(1): 75 - 88. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Snider and S. J. Tapscott XIC Is Required for Siamois Activity and Dorsoanterior Development Mol. Cell. Biol., June 15, 2005; 25(12): 5061 - 5072. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Koide, T. Hayata, and K. W. Y. Cho Gene Regulatory Networks Special Feature: Xenopus as a model system to study transcriptional regulatory networks PNAS, April 5, 2005; 102(14): 4943 - 4948. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Schubert, J.-K. Yu, N. D. Holland, H. Escriva, V. Laudet, and L. Z. Holland Retinoic acid signaling acts via Hox1 to establish the posterior limit of the pharynx in the chordate amphioxus Development, January 1, 2005; 132(1): 61 - 73. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Peng, B.-H. Jiang, P.-H. Yang, Z. Cao, X. Shi, M. C. M. Lin, M.-L. He, and H.-f. Kung Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling Is Involved in Neurogenesis during Xenopus Embryonic Development J. Biol. Chem., July 2, 2004; 279(27): 28509 - 28514. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Aamar and D. Frank Xenopus Meis3 protein forms a hindbrain-inducing center by activating FGF/MAP kinase and PCP pathways Development, January 1, 2004; 131(1): 153 - 163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Silva, M. Filipe, K.-M. Kuerner, H. Steinbeisser, and J. A. Belo Endogenous Cerberus activity is required for anterior head specification in Xenopus Development, October 15, 2003; 130(20): 4943 - 4953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. L. Blitz, K. W. Y. Cho, and C. Chang Twisted gastrulation loss-of-function analyses support its role as a BMP inhibitor during early Xenopus embryogenesis Development, October 15, 2003; 130(20): 4975 - 4988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Viczian, R. Vignali, M. E. Zuber, G. Barsacchi, and W. A. Harris XOtx5b and XOtx2 regulate photoreceptor and bipolar fates in the Xenopus retina Development, April 1, 2003; 130(7): 1281 - 1294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Davidson, B. Mao, I. del Barco Barrantes, and C. Niehrs Kremen proteins interact with Dickkopf1 to regulate anteroposterior CNS patterning Development, March 14, 2003; 129(24): 5587 - 5596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. C. Wardle, D. H. Wainstock, and H. L. Sive Cement gland-specific activation of the Xag1 promoter is regulated by co-operation of putative Ets and ATF/CREB transcription factors Development, January 10, 2002; 129(19): 4387 - 4397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Glavic, J. L. Gomez-Skarmeta, and R. Mayor The homeoprotein Xiro1 is required for midbrain-hindbrain boundary formation Development, January 4, 2002; 129(7): 1609 - 1621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Barlow Specification of pharyngeal endoderm is dependent on early signals from axial mesoderm Development, November 15, 2001; 128(22): 4573 - 4583. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Kiecker and C. Niehrs A morphogen gradient of Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling regulates anteroposterior neural patterning in Xenopus Development, November 1, 2001; 128(21): 4189 - 4201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Dibner, S. Elias, and D. Frank XMeis3 protein activity is required for proper hindbrain patterning in Xenopus laevis embryos Development, September 15, 2001; 128(18): 3415 - 3426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. P. Boyl, M. Signore, D. Acampora, J. P. Martinez-Barbera, C. Ilengo, A. Annino, G. Corte, and A. Simeone Forebrain and midbrain development requires epiblast-restricted Otx2 translational control mediated by its 3' UTR Development, August 1, 2001; 128(15): 2989 - 3000. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Gomez-Skarmeta, E de La Calle-Mustienes, and J Modolell The Wnt-activated Xiro1 gene encodes a repressor that is essential for neural development and downregulates Bmp4 Development, January 2, 2001; 128(4): 551 - 560. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O Kazanskaya, A Glinka, and C Niehrs The role of Xenopus dickkopf1 in prechordal plate specification and neural patterning Development, January 11, 2000; 127(22): 4981 - 4992. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Djiane, J Riou, M Umbhauer, J Boucaut, and D Shi Role of frizzled 7 in the regulation of convergent extension movements during gastrulation in Xenopus laevis Development, January 7, 2000; 127(14): 3091 - 3100. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Boncinelli Review : Otx and Emx Homeobox Genes in Brain Development Neuroscientist, May 1, 1999; 5(3): 164 - 172. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K Wunnenberg-Stapleton, I. Blitz, C Hashimoto, and K. Cho Involvement of the small GTPases XRhoA and XRnd1 in cell adhesion and head formation in early Xenopus development Development, January 12, 1999; 126(23): 5339 - 5351. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Sun, S. Bush, L. Collins-Racie, E. LaVallie, E. DiBlasio-Smith, N. Wolfman, J. McCoy, and H. Sive derriere: a TGF-beta family member required for posterior development in Xenopus Development, January 4, 1999; 126(7): 1467 - 1482. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Guazzi, M. L. Pintonello, A. Vigano, and E. Boncinelli Regulatory Interactions between the Human HOXB1, HOXB2, and HOXB3 Proteins and the Upstream Sequence of the Otx2 Gene in Embryonal Carcinoma Cells J. Biol. Chem., May 1, 1998; 273(18): 11092 - 11099. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y Grinblat, J Gamse, M Patel, and H Sive Determination of the zebrafish forebrain: induction and patterning Development, January 11, 1998; 125(22): 4403 - 4416. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Zygar, T. Cook, and R. Grainger Gene activation during early stages of lens induction in Xenopus Development, January 9, 1998; 125(17): 3509 - 3519. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kuo, M Patel, J Gamse, C Merzdorf, X Liu, V Apekin, and H Sive Opl: a zinc finger protein that regulates neural determination and patterning in Xenopus Development, January 8, 1998; 125(15): 2867 - 2882. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Deardorff, C Tan, L. Conrad, and P. Klein Frizzled-8 is expressed in the Spemann organizer and plays a role in early morphogenesis Development, January 7, 1998; 125(14): 2687 - 2700. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B Ferreiro, M Artinger, K Cho, and C Niehrs Antimorphic goosecoids Development, January 4, 1998; 125(8): 1347 - 1359. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D Onichtchouk, A Glinka, and C Niehrs Requirement for Xvent-1 and Xvent-2 gene function in dorsoventral patterning of Xenopus mesoderm Development, January 4, 1998; 125(8): 1447 - 1456. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Rhinn, A Dierich, W Shawlot, R. Behringer, M Le Meur, and S. Ang Sequential roles for Otx2 in visceral endoderm and neuroectoderm for forebrain and midbrain induction and specification Development, January 3, 1998; 125(5): 845 - 856. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Frisch and C. Wright XBMPRII, a novel Xenopus type II receptor mediating BMP signaling in embryonic tissues Development, January 2, 1998; 125(3): 431 - 442. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J van der Wees, J. Schilthuis, C. Koster, H Diesveld-Schipper, G. Folkers, P. van der Saag, M. Dawson, K Shudo, B van der Burg, and A. Durston Inhibition of retinoic acid receptor-mediated signalling alters positional identity in the developing hindbrain Development, January 2, 1998; 125(3): 545 - 556. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. V. Latinkic, M. Umbhauer, K. A. Neal, W. Lerchner, J. C. Smith, and V. Cunliffe The Xenopus Brachyury promoter is activated by FGF and low concentrations ofactivinandsuppressed by high concentrationsof activin and by paired-type homeodomain proteins Genes & Dev., December 1, 1997; 11(23): 3265 - 3276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R.-H. Xu, J. Kim, M. Taira, D. Sredni, and H.-f. Kung Studies on the Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling in Neurogenesis Using Conjugated/Aged Animal Caps and Dorsal Ectoderm-Grafted Embryos J. Neurosci., September 15, 1997; 17(18): 6892 - 6898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. A. Green, T. L. Cook, J. C. Smith, and R. M. Grainger Anteroposterior neural tissue specification by activin-induced mesoderm PNAS, August 5, 1997; 94(16): 8596 - 8601. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Taira, J.-P. Saint-Jeannet, and I. B. Dawid Role of the Xlim-1 and Xbra genes in anteroposterior patterning of neural tissue by the head and trunk organizer PNAS, February 4, 1997; 94(3): 895 - 900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Laurent, I. Blitz, C Hashimoto, U Rothbacher, and K. Cho The Xenopus homeobox gene twin mediates Wnt induction of goosecoid in establishment of Spemann's organizer Development, January 12, 1997; 124(23): 4905 - 4916. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Candia, T Watabe, S. Hawley, D Onichtchouk, Y Zhang, R Derynck, C Niehrs, and K. Cho Cellular interpretation of multiple TGF-beta signals: intracellular antagonism between activin/BVg1 and BMP-2/4 signaling mediated by Smads Development, January 11, 1997; 124(22): 4467 - 4480. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Epstein, G Pillemer, R Yelin, J. Yisraeli, and A Fainsod Patterning of the embryo along the anterior-posterior axis: the role of the caudal genes Development, January 10, 1997; 124(19): 3805 - 3814. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Kimura, N Takeda, M Suzuki, M Oshimura, S Aizawa, and I Matsuo Cis-acting elements conserved between mouse and pufferfish Otx2 genes govern the expression in mesencephalic neural crest cells Development, January 10, 1997; 124(20): 3929 - 3941. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Knecht and R. Harland Mechanisms of dorsal-ventral patterning in noggin-induced neural tissue Development, January 6, 1997; 124(12): 2477 - 2488. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Andreazzoli, M Pannese, and E Boncinelli Activating and repressing signals in head development: the role of Xotx1 and Xotx2 Development, January 5, 1997; 124(9): 1733 - 1743. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Witta and S. Sato XIPOU 2 is a potential regulator of Spemann's Organizer Development, January 3, 1997; 124(6): 1179 - 1189. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. J. Kolm and H. L. Sive Retinoids and Posterior Neural Induction: A Reevaluation of Nieuwkoop's Two-step Hypothesis Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, January 1, 1997; 62(0): 511 - 521. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Matsuo, Y. Suda, M. Yoshida, T. Ueki, C. Kimura, S. Kuratani, and S. Aizawa Otx and Emx Functions in Patterning of the Vertebrate Rostral Head Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, January 1, 1997; 62(0): 545 - 553. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B Blumberg, J Bolado, T. Moreno, C Kintner, R. Evans, and N Papalopulu An essential role for retinoid signaling in anteroposterior neural patterning Development, January 1, 1997; 124(2): 373 - 379. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Gammill and H Sive Identification of otx2 target genes and restrictions in ectodermal competence during Xenopus cement gland formation Development, January 1, 1997; 124(2): 471 - 481. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Schmidt, G von Dassow, and D Kimelman Regulation of dorsal-ventral patterning: the ventralizing effects of the novel Xenopus homeobox gene Vox Development, January 6, 1996; 122(6): 1711 - 1721. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Goriely, M Stella, C Coffinier, D Kessler, C Mailhos, S Dessain, and C Desplan A functional homologue of goosecoid in Drosophila Development, January 5, 1996; 122(5): 1641 - 1650. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Launay, V Fromentoux, D. Shi, and J. Boucaut A truncated FGF receptor blocks neural induction by endogenous Xenopus inducers Development, January 3, 1996; 122(3): 869 - 880. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ang, O Jin, M Rhinn, N Daigle, L Stevenson, and J Rossant A targeted mouse Otx2 mutation leads to severe defects in gastrulation and formation of axial mesoderm and to deletion of rostral brain Development, January 1, 1996; 122(1): 243 - 252. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S H Hawley, K Wunnenberg-Stapleton, C Hashimoto, M N Laurent, T Watabe, B W Blumberg, and K W Cho Disruption of BMP signals in embryonic Xenopus ectoderm leads to direct neural induction. Genes & Dev., December 1, 1995; 9(23): 2923 - 2935. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K Shimamura, D. Hartigan, S Martinez, L Puelles, and J. Rubenstein Longitudinal organization of the anterior neural plate and neural tube Development, January 12, 1995; 121(12): 3923 - 3933. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K Itoh, T. Tang, B. Neel, and S. Sokol Specific modulation of ectodermal cell fates in Xenopus embryos by glycogen synthase kinase Development, January 12, 1995; 121(12): 3979 - 3988. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Lamb and R. Harland Fibroblast growth factor is a direct neural inducer, which combined with noggin generates anterior-posterior neural pattern Development, January 11, 1995; 121(11): 3627 - 3636. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
