|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Development, Vol 124, Issue 11 2191-2201, Copyright © 1997 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
G Seydoux and MA Dunn
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185, USA. geraldine_seydoux@qmail.bs.jhu.edu
Early embryonic germ cells in C. elegans and D. melanogaster fail to express many messenger RNAs expressed in somatic cells. In contrast, we find that ribosomal RNAs are expressed in both cell types. We show that this deficiency in mRNA production correlates with the absence of a specific phosphoepitope on the carboxy-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. In both C. elegans and Drosophila embryos, this phosphoepitope appears in somatic nuclei coincident with the onset of embryonic transcription, but remains absent from germ cells until these cells associate with the gut primordium during gastrulation. In contrast, a second distinct RNA polymerase II phosphoepitope is present continuously in both somatic and germ cells. The germ-line-specific factor PIE-1 is required to block mRNA production in the germ lineage of early C. elegans embryos (Seydoux, G., Mello, C. C., Pettitt, J., Wood, W. B., Priess, J. R. and Fire, A. (1996) Nature 382, 713-716). We show here that PIE-1 is also required for the germ-line-specific pattern of RNA polymerase II phosphorylation. These observations link inhibition of mRNA production in embryonic germ cells to a specific modification in the phosphorylation pattern of RNA polymerase II and suggest that repression of RNA polymerase II activity may be part of an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that distinguishes germ line from soma during early embryogenesis. In addition, these studies also suggest that different phosphorylated isoforms of RNA polymerase II perform distinct functions.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  B. M. Farley, J. M. Pagano, and S. P. Ryder RNA target specificity of the embryonic cell fate determinant POS-1 RNA, December 1, 2008; 14(12): 2685 - 2697. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Nakamura and G. Seydoux Less is more: specification of the germline by transcriptional repression Development, December 1, 2008; 135(23): 3817 - 3827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. R. Boag, A. Atalay, S. Robida, V. Reinke, and T. K. Blackwell Protection of specific maternal messenger RNAs by the P body protein CGH-1 (Dhh1/RCK) during Caenorhabditis elegans oogenesis J. Cell Biol., August 11, 2008; 182(3): 543 - 557. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Ghosh and G. Seydoux Inhibition of Transcription by the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline Protein PIE-1: Genetic Evidence for Distinct Mechanisms Targeting Initiation and Elongation Genetics, January 1, 2008; 178(1): 235 - 243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. G. M. Extavour Evolution of the bilaterian germ line: lineage origin and modulation of specification mechanisms Integr. Comp. Biol., November 1, 2007; 47(5): 770 - 785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Seki, M. Yamaji, Y. Yabuta, M. Sano, M. Shigeta, Y. Matsui, Y. Saga, M. Tachibana, Y. Shinkai, and M. Saitou Cellular dynamics associated with the genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming in migrating primordial germ cells in mice Development, July 15, 2007; 134(14): 2627 - 2638. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. A. Fraser and S. A. Rice Herpes Simplex Virus Immediate-Early Protein ICP22 Triggers Loss of Serine 2-Phosphorylated RNA Polymerase II J. Virol., May 15, 2007; 81(10): 5091 - 5101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Strome and R. Lehmann Germ Versus Soma Decisions: Lessons from Flies and Worms Science, April 20, 2007; 316(5823): 392 - 393. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Takasaki, Z. Liu, Y. Habara, K. Nishiwaki, J.-i. Nakayama, K. Inoue, H. Sakamoto, and S. Strome MRG-1, an autosome-associated protein, silences X-linked genes and protects germline immortality in Caenorhabditis elegans Development, February 15, 2007; 134(4): 757 - 767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Checchi and W. G. Kelly emb-4 Is a Conserved Gene Required for Efficient Germline-Specific Chromatin Remodeling During Caenorhabditis elegans Embryogenesis Genetics, December 1, 2006; 174(4): 1895 - 1906. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. G. Greciano and C. Goday Methylation of histone H3 at Lys4 differs between paternal and maternal chromosomes in Sciara ocellaris germline development J. Cell Sci., November 15, 2006; 119(22): 4667 - 4677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Deshpande, G. Calhoun, and P. Schedl The Drosophila Fragile X Protein dFMR1 Is Required During Early Embryogenesis for Pole Cell Formation and Rapid Nuclear Division Cycles Genetics, November 1, 2006; 174(3): 1287 - 1298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Aguilar-Fuentes, V. Valadez-Graham, E. Reynaud, and M. Zurita TFIIH trafficking and its nuclear assembly during early Drosophila embryo development J. Cell Sci., September 15, 2006; 119(18): 3866 - 3875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. D. Bishop, Z. Han, and J. M. Schumacher The Caenorhabditis elegans Aurora B Kinase AIR-2 Phosphorylates and Is Required for the Localization of a BimC Kinesin to Meiotic and Mitotic Spindles Mol. Biol. Cell, February 1, 2005; 16(2): 742 - 756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kachur, W. Ao, J. Berger, and D. Pilgrim Maternal UNC-45 is involved in cytokinesis and colocalizes with non-muscle myosin in the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo J. Cell Sci., October 15, 2004; 117(22): 5313 - 5321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Hanyu-Nakamura, S. Kobayashi, and A. Nakamura Germ cell-autonomous Wunen2 is required for germline development in Drosophila embryos Development, September 15, 2004; 131(18): 4545 - 4553. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. K. Walker, Y. Shi, and T. K. Blackwell An Extensive Requirement for Transcription Factor IID-specific TAF-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Transcription J. Biol. Chem., April 9, 2004; 279(15): 15339 - 15347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Deshpande, G. Calhoun, and P. Schedl Overlapping mechanisms function to establish transcriptional quiescence in the embryonic Drosophila germline Development, March 15, 2004; 131(6): 1247 - 1257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Saijou, T. Fujiwara, T. Suzaki, K. Inoue, and H. Sakamoto RBD-1, a nucleolar RNA-binding protein, is essential for Caenorhabditis elegans early development through 18S ribosomal RNA processing Nucleic Acids Res., February 10, 2004; 32(3): 1028 - 1036. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M.A. SURANI, K. ANCELIN, P. HAJKOVA, U.C. LANGE, B. PAYER, P. WESTERN, and M. SAITOU Mechanism of Mouse Germ Cell Specification: A Genetic Program Regulating Epigenetic Reprogramming Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, January 1, 2004; 69(0): 1 - 10. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. B. Yohn, L. Pusateri, V. Barbosa, and R. Lehmann l(3)malignant brain tumor and Three Novel Genes Are Required for Drosophila Germ-Cell Formation Genetics, December 1, 2003; 165(4): 1889 - 1900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Niki and A. P. Mahowald Ovarian cystocytes can repopulate the embryonic germ line and produce functional gametes PNAS, November 25, 2003; 100(24): 14042 - 14045. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P. S. Dekens, F. J. Pelegri, H.-M. Maischein, and C. Nusslein-Volhard The maternal-effect gene futile cycle is essential for pronuclear congression and mitotic spindle assembly in the zebrafish zygote Development, September 1, 2003; 130(17): 3907 - 3916. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Takagi, A. K. Walker, C. Sawa, F. Diehn, Y. Takase, T. K. Blackwell, and S. Buratowski The Caenorhabditis elegans mRNA 5'-Capping Enzyme. IN VITRO AND IN VIVO CHARACTERIZATION J. Biol. Chem., April 11, 2003; 278(16): 14174 - 14184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Zhang, M. Barboric, T. K. Blackwell, and B. M. Peterlin A model of repression: CTD analogs and PIE-1 inhibit transcriptional elongation by P-TEFb Genes & Dev., March 15, 2003; 17(6): 748 - 758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. G. Kelly, C. E. Schaner, A. F. Dernburg, M.-H. Lee, S. K. Kim, A. M. Villeneuve, and V. Reinke X-chromosome silencing in the germline of C. elegans Development, March 3, 2003; 129(2): 479 - 492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Walker and T. K. Blackwell A Broad but Restricted Requirement for TAF-5 (Human TAFII100) for Embryonic Transcription in Caenorhabditis elegans J. Biol. Chem., February 14, 2003; 278(8): 6181 - 6186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Y. Shim, A. K. Walker, and T. K. Blackwell Broad Requirement for the Mediator Subunit RGR-1 for Transcription in the Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo J. Biol. Chem., August 16, 2002; 277(34): 30413 - 30416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Y. Shim, A. K. Walker, Y. Shi, and T. K. Blackwell CDK-9/cyclin T (P-TEFb) is required in two postinitiation pathways for transcription in the C. elegans embryo Genes & Dev., August 15, 2002; 16(16): 2135 - 2146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kostrouchova, D. Housa, Z. Kostrouch, V. Saudek, and J. E. Rall SKIP is an indispensable factor for Caenorhabditis elegans development PNAS, July 9, 2002; 99(14): 9254 - 9259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Wallenfang and G. Seydoux cdk-7 is required for mRNA transcription and cell cycle progression in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos PNAS, April 16, 2002; 99(8): 5527 - 5532. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Palancade, M. F. Dubois, M. E. Dahmus, and O. Bensaude Transcription-Independent RNA Polymerase II Dephosphorylation by the FCP1 Carboxy-Terminal Domain Phosphatase in Xenopus laevis Early Embryos Mol. Cell. Biol., October 1, 2001; 21(19): 6359 - 6368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. MacQueen and A. M. Villeneuve Nuclear reorganization and homologous chromosome pairing during meiotic prophase require C. elegans chk-2 Genes & Dev., July 1, 2001; 15(13): 1674 - 1687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Tenenhaus, K. Subramaniam, M. A. Dunn, and G. Seydoux PIE-1 is a bifunctional protein that regulates maternal and zygotic gene expression in the embryonic germ line of Caenorhabditis elegans Genes & Dev., April 15, 2001; 15(8): 1031 - 1040. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Palancade, S. Bellier, G. Almouzni, and O. Bensaude Incomplete RNA polymerase II phosphorylation in Xenopus laevis early embryos J. Cell Sci., January 7, 2001; 114(13): 2483 - 2489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Nissen and K. R. Yamamoto The glucocorticoid receptor inhibits NFkappa B by interfering with serine-2 phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain Genes & Dev., September 15, 2000; 14(18): 2314 - 2329. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Knaut, F. Pelegri, K. Bohmann, H. Schwarz, and C. Nusslein-Volhard Zebrafish vasa RNA but Not Its Protein Is a Component of the Germ Plasm and Segregates Asymmetrically before Germline Specification J. Cell Biol., May 15, 2000; 149(4): 875 - 888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Houston and M. King A critical role for Xdazl, a germ plasm-localized RNA, in the differentiation of primordial germ cells in Xenopus Development, January 2, 2000; 127(3): 447 - 456. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Reynaud, H. Lomelí, M. Vázquez, and M. Zurita The Drosophila melanogaster Homologue of the Xeroderma Pigmentosum D Gene Product Is Located in Euchromatic Regions and Has a Dynamic Response to UV Light-induced Lesions in Polytene Chromosomes Mol. Biol. Cell, April 1, 1999; 10(4): 1191 - 1203. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Batchelder, M. A. Dunn, B. Choy, Y. Suh, C. Cassie, E. Y. Shim, T. H. Shin, C. Mello, G. Seydoux, and T. K. Blackwell Transcriptional repression by the Caenorhabditis elegans germ-line protein PIE-1 Genes & Dev., January 15, 1999; 13(2): 202 - 212. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K Subramaniam and G Seydoux nos-1 and nos-2, two genes related to Drosophila nanos, regulate primordial germ cell development and survival in Caenorhabditis elegans Development, January 11, 1999; 126(21): 4861 - 4871. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G Seydoux and S Strome Launching the germline in Caenorhabditis elegans: regulation of gene expression in early germ cells Development, January 8, 1999; 126(15): 3275 - 3283. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I Sahut-Barnola and D Pauli The Drosophila gene stand still encodes a germline chromatin-associated protein that controls the transcription of the ovarian tumor gene Development, January 5, 1999; 126(9): 1917 - 1926. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H Tabara, R. Hill, C. Mello, J. Priess, and Y Kohara pos-1 encodes a cytoplasmic zinc-finger protein essential for germline specification in C. elegans Development, January 1, 1999; 126(1): 1 - 11. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Schumacher, A. Golden, and P. J. Donovan AIR-2: An Aurora/Ipl1-related Protein Kinase Associated with Chromosomes and Midbody Microtubules Is Required for Polar Body Extrusion and Cytokinesis in Caenorhabditis elegans Embryos J. Cell Biol., December 14, 1998; 143(6): 1635 - 1646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Patturajan, R. J. Schulte, B. M. Sefton, R. Berezney, M. Vincent, O. Bensaude, S. L. Warren, and J. L. Corden Growth-related Changes in Phosphorylation of Yeast RNA Polymerase II J. Biol. Chem., February 20, 1998; 273(8): 4689 - 4694. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Erickson and T. Cline Key aspects of the primary sex determination mechanism are conserved across the genus Drosophila Development, January 8, 1998; 125(16): 3259 - 3268. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Kelly and A Fire Chromatin silencing and the maintenance of a functional germline in Caenorhabditis elegans Development, January 7, 1998; 125(13): 2451 - 2456. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R Holdeman, S Nehrt, and S Strome MES-2, a maternal protein essential for viability of the germline in Caenorhabditis elegans, is homologous to a Drosophila Polycomb group protein Development, January 7, 1998; 125(13): 2457 - 2467. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Rongo, H. T. Broihier, L. Moore, M. Van Doren, A. Forbes, and R. Lehmann Germ Plasm Assembly and Germ Cell Migration in Drosophila Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, January 1, 1997; 62(0): 1 - 11. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
