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Development, Vol 126, Issue 12 2589-2596, Copyright © 1999 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
C Chazaud, P Chambon and P Dolle
Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP/College de France, BP 163, CU de Strasbourg, France.
Determination of the left-right position (situs) of visceral organs involves lefty, nodal and Pitx2 genes that are specifically expressed on the left side of the embryo. We demonstrate that the expression of these genes is prevented by the addition of a retinoic acid receptor pan-antagonist to cultured headfold stage mouse embryos, whereas addition of excess retinoic acid leads to their symmetrical expression. Interestingly, both treatments lead to randomization of heart looping and to defects in heart anteroposterior patterning. A time course analysis indicates that only the newly formed mesoderm at the headfold-presomite stage is competent for these retinoid effects. We conclude that retinoic acid, the active derivative of vitamin A, is essential for heart situs determination and morphogenesis.
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