|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
Development, Vol 126, Issue 24 5749-5758, Copyright © 1999 by Company of Biologists
JOURNAL ARTICLES |
K Kitamura, H Miura, S Miyagawa-Tomita, M Yanazawa, Y Katoh-Fukui, R Suzuki, H Ohuchi, A Suehiro, Y Motegi, Y Nakahara, S Kondo and M Yokoyama
Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan. kunio@libra.ls.m-kagaku.co.jp
Pitx2, a bicoid-related homeobox gene, is involved in Rieger's syndrome and the left-right (L-R) asymmetrical pattern formation in body plan. In order to define the genomic structure and roles of Pitx2, we analyzed the genomic structure and generated Pitx2-deficient mice with the lacZ gene in the homeobox-containing exon of Pitx2. We were able to show that among three isoforms of Pitx2, Pitx2c shows asymmetrical expression whereas Pitx2a, Pitx2b and Pitx2c show symmetrical expression. In Pitx2(-)(/)(-) embryos there was an increase in mesodermal cells in the distal end of the left lateral body wall and an amnion continuous with the lateral body wall thickened in its mesodermal layer. These changes resulted in a failure of ventral body wall closure. In lung and heart in which Pitx2 is expressed asymmetrically, right pulmonary isomerism, atrioventricular canals with prominent swelling, and juxtaposition of the atrium were detected. The hearts failed to develop tricuspid and mitral valves and a common atrioventricular valve forms. Further, dysgenesis of the Pitx2(-)(/)(-) extraocular muscle and thickening of the mesothelial layer of cornea were observed in the ocular system where Pitx2 is expressed symmetrically, and these resulted in enophthalmos. The present study shows that Pitx2 expressed in various sites participates in morphogenesis through three types of actions: the involvement of asymmetric Pitx2 expression in the entire morphogenetic process of L-R asymmetric organs; the involvement of asymmetric Pitx2 expression in the regional morphogenesis of asymmetric organs; and finally the involvement of symmetric Pitx2 expression in the regional morphogenesis of symmetric organs.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  Y. Shang, T. Yoshida, B. A. Amendt, J. F. Martin, and G. K. Owens Pitx2 is functionally important in the early stages of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation J. Cell Biol., October 14, 2008; 181(3): 461 - 473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Rodriguez-Leon, C. R. Esteban, M. Marti, B. Santiago-Josefat, I. Dubova, X. Rubiralta, and J. C. I. Belmonte Pitx2 regulates gonad morphogenesis PNAS, August 12, 2008; 105(32): 11242 - 11247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D Obler, A L Juraszek, L B Smoot, and M R Natowicz Double outlet right ventricle: aetiologies and associations J. Med. Genet., August 1, 2008; 45(8): 481 - 497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Shima, M. Zubair, T. Komatsu, S. Oka, C. Yokoyama, T. Tachibana, T. A. Hjalt, J. Drouin, and K.-i. Morohashi Pituitary Homeobox 2 Regulates Adrenal4 Binding Protein/Steroidogenic Factor-1 Gene Transcription in the Pituitary Gonadotrope through Interaction with the Intronic Enhancer Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2008; 22(7): 1633 - 1646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inaugural Article: The direction of gut looping is established by changes in the extracellular matrix and in cell:cell adhesion PNAS, June 24, 2008; 105(25): 8499 - 8506.
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Lamba, V. Khivansara, A. C. D'Alessio, M. M. Santos, and D. J. Bernard Paired-Like Homeodomain Transcription Factors 1 and 2 Regulate Follicle-Stimulating Hormone {beta}-Subunit Transcription through a Conserved cis-Element Endocrinology, June 1, 2008; 149(6): 3095 - 3108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Hayashi, S. Maeda, H. Aburatani, K. Kitamura, H. Miyoshi, K. Miyazono, and T. Imamura Pitx2 Prevents Osteoblastic Transdifferentiation of Myoblasts by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins J. Biol. Chem., January 4, 2008; 283(1): 565 - 571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Guioli and R. Lovell-Badge PITX2 controls asymmetric gonadal development in both sexes of the chick and can rescue the degeneration of the right ovary Development, December 1, 2007; 134(23): 4199 - 4208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. F. Martin Left Right Asymmetry, the Pulmonary Vein, and A-Fib Circ. Res., October 26, 2007; 101(9): 853 - 855. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Ai, J. Wang, M. Amen, M.-F. Lu, B. A. Amendt, and J. F. Martin Nuclear Factor 1 and T-Cell Factor/LEF Recognition Elements Regulate Pitx2 Transcription in Pituitary Development Mol. Cell. Biol., August 15, 2007; 27(16): 5765 - 5775. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Zhu, A. S. Gleiberman, and M. G. Rosenfeld Molecular Physiology of Pituitary Development: Signaling and Transcriptional Networks Physiol Rev, July 1, 2007; 87(3): 933 - 963. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Lin, L. Cui, W. Zhou, D. Dufort, X. Zhang, C.-L. Cai, L. Bu, L. Yang, J. Martin, R. Kemler, et al. beta-Catenin directly regulates Islet1 expression in cardiovascular progenitors and is required for multiple aspects of cardiogenesis PNAS, May 29, 2007; 104(22): 9313 - 9318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. C. Rulifson, S. K. Karnik, P. W. Heiser, D. ten Berge, H. Chen, X. Gu, M. M. Taketo, R. Nusse, M. Hebrok, and S. K. Kim Wnt signaling regulates pancreatic beta cell proliferation PNAS, April 10, 2007; 104(15): 6247 - 6252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. P. Shih, M. K. Gross, and C. Kioussi Cranial muscle defects of Pitx2 mutants result from specification defects in the first branchial arch PNAS, April 3, 2007; 104(14): 5907 - 5912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Maeda, V. Dave, and J. A. Whitsett Transcriptional Control of Lung Morphogenesis Physiol Rev, January 1, 2007; 87(1): 219 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Dong, X. Sun, W. Liu, D. Ai, E. Klysik, M.-F. Lu, J. Hadley, L. Antoni, L. Chen, A. Baldini, et al. Pitx2 promotes development of splanchnic mesoderm-derived branchiomeric muscle Development, December 15, 2006; 133(24): 4891 - 4899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Gerhart, J. Elder, C. Neely, J. Schure, T. Kvist, K. Knudsen, and M. George-Weinstein MyoD-positive epiblast cells regulate skeletal muscle differentiation in the embryo J. Cell Biol., October 23, 2006; 175(2): 283 - 292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Shiratori, K. Yashiro, M. M. Shen, and H. Hamada Conserved regulation and role of Pitx2 in situs-specific morphogenesis of visceral organs Development, August 1, 2006; 133(15): 3015 - 3025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. von Scheven, L. E. Alvares, R. C. Mootoosamy, and S. Dietrich Neural tube derived signals and Fgf8 act antagonistically to specify eye versus mandibular arch muscles Development, July 15, 2006; 133(14): 2731 - 2745. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Park, L. A. Ogden, A. Talbot, S. Evans, C.-L. Cai, B. L. Black, D. U. Frank, and A. M. Moon Required, tissue-specific roles for Fgf8 in outflow tract formation and remodeling Development, June 15, 2006; 133(12): 2419 - 2433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. G. Diehl, S. Zareparsi, M. Qian, R. Khanna, R. Angeles, and P. J. Gage Extraocular Muscle Morphogenesis and Gene Expression Are Regulated by Pitx2 Gene Dose Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., May 1, 2006; 47(5): 1785 - 1793. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. V. Cardoso and J. Lu Regulation of early lung morphogenesis: questions, facts and controversies Development, May 1, 2006; 133(9): 1611 - 1624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Nowotschin, J. Liao, P. J. Gage, J. A. Epstein, M. Campione, and B. E. Morrow Tbx1 affects asymmetric cardiac morphogenesis by regulating Pitx2 in the secondary heart field. Development, April 1, 2006; 133(8): 1565 - 1573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. B. Berry, M. A. Lines, J. M. Oas, T. Footz, D. A. Underhill, P. J. Gage, and M. A. Walter Functional interactions between FOXC1 and PITX2 underlie the sensitivity to FOXC1 gene dose in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and anterior segment dysgenesis Hum. Mol. Genet., March 15, 2006; 15(6): 905 - 919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. D. Porter, S. Israel, B. Gong, A. P. Merriam, J. Feuerman, S. Khanna, and H. J. Kaminski Distinctive morphological and gene/protein expression signatures during myogenesis in novel cell lines from extraocular and hindlimb muscle Physiol Genomics, February 23, 2006; 24(3): 264 - 275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Kieusseian, J. Chagraoui, C. Kerdudo, P.-E. Mangeot, P. J. Gage, N. Navarro, B. Izac, G. Uzan, B. G. Forget, and A. Dubart-Kupperschmitt Expression of Pitx2 in stromal cells is required for normal hematopoiesis Blood, January 15, 2006; 107(2): 492 - 500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. Evans and P. J. Gage Expression of the homeobox gene Pitx2 in neural crest is required for optic stalk and ocular anterior segment development Hum. Mol. Genet., November 15, 2005; 14(22): 3347 - 3359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Branicky and S. Hekimi Specification of muscle neurotransmitter sensitivity by a Paired-like homeodomain protein in Caenorhabditis elegans Development, November 15, 2005; 132(22): 4999 - 5009. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Wei Pitx2a Binds to Human Papillomavirus Type 18 E6 Protein and Inhibits E6-mediated P53 Degradation in HeLa Cells J. Biol. Chem., November 11, 2005; 280(45): 37790 - 37797. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Gage, W. Rhoades, S. K. Prucka, and T. Hjalt Fate Maps of Neural Crest and Mesoderm in the Mammalian Eye Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., November 1, 2005; 46(11): 4200 - 4208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Matt, V. Dupe, J.-M. Garnier, C. Dennefeld, P. Chambon, M. Mark, and N. B. Ghyselinck Retinoic acid-dependent eye morphogenesis is orchestrated by neural crest cells Development, November 1, 2005; 132(21): 4789 - 4800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Charles, H. Suh, T. A. Hjalt, J. Drouin, S. A. Camper, and P. J. Gage PITX Genes Are Required for Cell Survival and Lhx3 Activation Mol. Endocrinol., July 1, 2005; 19(7): 1893 - 1903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. W. Schubert, E. Kardash, M. A. Khan, T. Cheusova, K. Kilian, M. Wegner, and S. Hashemolhosseini Interaction, Cooperative Promoter Modulation, and Renal Colocalization of GCMa and Pitx2 J. Biol. Chem., November 26, 2004; 279(48): 50358 - 50365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Rana, J. P. M. Barbera, T. A. Rodriguez, D. Lynch, E. Hirst, J. C. Smith, and R. S. P. Beddington Targeted deletion of the novel cytoplasmic dynein mD2LIC disrupts the embryonic organiser, formation of the body axes and specification of ventral cell fates Development, October 15, 2004; 131(20): 4999 - 5007. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Marques, A. C. Borges, A. C. Silva, S. Freitas, M. Cordenonsi, and J. A. Belo The activity of the Nodal antagonist Cerl-2 in the mouse node is required for correct L/R body axis Genes & Dev., October 1, 2004; 18(19): 2342 - 2347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Hecksher-Sorensen, R. P. Watson, L. A. Lettice, P. Serup, L. Eley, C. De Angelis, U. Ahlgren, and R. E. Hill The splanchnic mesodermal plate directs spleen and pancreatic laterality, and is regulated by Bapx1/Nkx3.2 Development, October 1, 2004; 131(19): 4665 - 4675. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Cheng, A. P. Merriam, B. Gong, P. Leahy, S. Khanna, and J. D. Porter Conserved and muscle-group-specific gene expression patterns shape postnatal development of the novel extraocular muscle phenotype Physiol Genomics, July 8, 2004; 18(2): 184 - 195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Liu, J. Selever, M.-F. Lu, and J. F. Martin Genetic dissection of Pitx2 in craniofacial development uncovers new functions in branchial arch morphogenesis, late aspects of tooth morphogenesis and cell migration Development, December 22, 2003; 130(25): 6375 - 6385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. P. Norris, J. Brennan, E. K. Bikoff, and E. J. Robertson The Foxh1-dependent autoregulatory enhancer controls the level of Nodal signals in the mouse embryo Development, March 9, 2003; 129(14): 3455 - 3468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Suh, P. J. Gage, J. Drouin, and S. A. Camper Pitx2 is required at multiple stages of pituitary organogenesis: pituitary primordium formation and cell specification Development, March 3, 2003; 129(2): 329 - 337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Marcil, E. Dumontier, M. Chamberland, S. A. Camper, and J. Drouin Pitx1 and Pitx2 are required for development of hindlimb buds Development, January 1, 2003; 130(1): 45 - 55. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-H. Quentien, I. Manfroid, D. Moncet, G. Gunz, M. Muller, M. Grino, A. Enjalbert, and I. Pellegrini Pitx Factors Are Involved in Basal and Hormone-regulated Activity of the Human Prolactin Promoter J. Biol. Chem., November 8, 2002; 277(46): 44408 - 44416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Brennan, D. P. Norris, and E. J. Robertson Nodal activity in the node governs left-right asymmetry Genes & Dev., September 15, 2002; 16(18): 2339 - 2344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. E. Cohen and S. Radovick Molecular Basis of Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2002; 23(4): 431 - 442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-H. Quentien, F. Pitoia, G. Gunz, M.-P. Guillet, A. Enjalbert, and I. Pellegrini Regulation of Prolactin, GH, and Pit-1 Gene Expression in Anterior Pituitary by Pitx2: An Approach Using Pitx2 Mutants Endocrinology, August 1, 2002; 143(8): 2839 - 2851. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Schachat and M. M. Briggs Phylogenetic implications of the superfast myosin in extraocular muscles J. Exp. Biol., August 1, 2002; 205(15): 2189 - 2201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Cox, H. M. Espinoza, B. McWilliams, K. Chappell, L. Morton, T. A. Hjalt, E. V. Semina, and B. A. Amendt Differential Regulation of Gene Expression by PITX2 Isoforms J. Biol. Chem., July 5, 2002; 277(28): 25001 - 25010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. E. Olson and M. G. Rosenfeld Perspective: Genetic and Genomic Approaches in Elucidating Mechanisms of Pituitary Development Endocrinology, June 1, 2002; 143(6): 2007 - 2011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. Fischer, J. R. Gorospe, E. Felder, S. Bogdanovich, F. Pedrosa-Domellof, R. S. Ahima, N. A. Rubinstein, E. P. Hoffman, and T. S. Khurana Expression profiling reveals metabolic and structural components of extraocular muscles Physiol Genomics, May 10, 2002; 9(2): 71 - 84. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. G. Bruneau Transcriptional Regulation of Vertebrate Cardiac Morphogenesis Circ. Res., March 22, 2002; 90(5): 509 - 519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Liu, W. Liu, J. Palie, M. F. Lu, N. A. Brown, and J. F. Martin Pitx2c patterns anterior myocardium and aortic arch vessels and is required for local cell movement into atrioventricular cushions Development, January 11, 2002; 129(21): 5081 - 5091. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. C. Mootoosamy and S. Dietrich Distinct regulatory cascades for head and trunk myogenesis Development, January 2, 2002; 129(3): 573 - 583. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. KIOUSSI, P. BRIATA, S.H. BAEK, A. WYNSHAW-BORIS, D.W. ROSE, and M.G. ROSENFELD Pitx Genes during Cardiovascular Development Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, January 1, 2002; 67(0): 81 - 88. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. CAMPIONE, L. ACOSTA, S. MARTINEZ, J.M. ICARDO, A. ARANEGA, and D. FRANCO Pitx2 and Cardiac Development: A Molecular Link between Left/Right Signaling and Congenital Heart Disease Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, January 1, 2002; 67(0): 89 - 96. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Porter, S. Khanna, H. J. Kaminski, J. S. Rao, A. P. Merriam, C. R. Richmonds, P. Leahy, J. Li, and F. H. Andrade Extraocular muscle is defined by a fundamentally distinct gene expression profile PNAS, September 19, 2001; (2001) 211257298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Priston, K. Kozlowski, D. Gill, K. Letwin, Y. Buys, A. V. Levin, M. A. Walter, and E. Heon Functional analyses of two newly identified PITX2 mutants reveal a novel molecular mechanism for Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome Hum. Mol. Genet., August 1, 2001; 10(16): 1631 - 1638. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Liu, W. Liu, M.-F. Lu, N. A. Brown, and J. F. Martin Regulation of left-right asymmetry by thresholds of Pitx2c activity Development, June 1, 2001; 128(11): 2039 - 2048. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X Yu, T. St Amand, S Wang, G Li, Y Zhang, Y. Hu, L Nguyen, M. Qiu, and Y. Chen Differential expression and functional analysis of Pitx2 isoforms in regulation of heart looping in the chick Development, January 3, 2001; 128(6): 1005 - 1013. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Kirby Whither Complexity in Myocardial Development? Circ. Res., November 24, 2000; 87(11): 961 - 963. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Franco, M. Campione, R. Kelly, P. S. Zammit, M. Buckingham, W. H. Lamers, and A. F. M. Moorman Multiple Transcriptional Domains, With Distinct Left and Right Components, in the Atrial Chambers of the Developing Heart Circ. Res., November 24, 2000; 87(11): 984 - 991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. D. Burdine and A. F. Schier Conserved and divergent mechanisms in left-right axis formation Genes & Dev., April 1, 2000; 14(7): 763 - 776. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
