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Development, Vol 127, Issue 19 4137-4145, Copyright © 2000 by Company of Biologists

JOURNAL ARTICLES

X-chromosome inactivation in XX androgenetic mouse embryos surviving implantation

I Okamoto, S Tan and N Takagi
Division of Bioscience, Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600810, Japan.

Using genetic and cytogenetic markers, we assessed early development and X-chromosome inactivation (X-inactivation) in XX mouse androgenones produced by pronuclear transfer. Contrary to the current view, XX androgenones are capable of surviving to embryonic day 7.5, achieving basically random X-inactivation in all tissues including those derived from the trophectoderm and primitive endoderm that are characterized by paternal X-activation in fertilized embryos. This finding supports the hypothesis that in fertilized female embryos, the maternal X chromosome remains active until the blastocyst stage because of a rigid imprint that prevents inactivation, whereas the paternal X chromosome is preferentially inactivated in extra-embryonic tissues owing to lack of such imprint. In spite of random X-inactivation in XX androgenones, FISH analyses revealed expression of stable Xist RNA from every X chromosome in XX and XY androgenonetic embryos from the four-cell to morula stage. Although the occurrence of inappropriate X-inactivation was further suggested by the finding that Xist continues ectopic expression in a proportion of cells from XX and XY androgenones at the blastocyst and the early egg cylinder stage, a replication banding study failed to provide positive evidence for inappropriate X-inactivation at E6. 5.


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