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Development 129, 3681-3692 (2002)
© 2002 The Company of Biologists Limited

Expression and function of an even-skipped homolog in the leech Helobdella robusta

Mi Hye Song*, Françoise Z. Huang, Gwendolen Y. Chang and David A. Weisblat{dagger}

Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 385 LSA, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA
* Present address: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA

{dagger}Author for correspondence (e-mail: weisblat{at}uclink4.berkeley.edu)

Accepted 5 May 2002

We have identified homologs of the Drosophila pair-rule gene even-skipped in the glossiphoniid leeches Helobdella robusta and Theromyzon trizonare. In leech embryos, segments arise sequentially from five pairs of embryonic stem cells (teloblasts) that undergo iterated divisions to generate columns (bandlets) of segmental founder cells (primary blast cells), which in turn generate segmentally iterated sets of definitive progeny. In situ hybridization revealed that Hro-eve is expressed in the teloblasts and primary blast cells, and that these transcripts appear to be associated with mitotic chromatin. In more advanced embryos, Hro-eve is expressed in segmentally iterated sets of cells in the ventral nerve cord. Lineage analysis revealed that neurons expressing Hro-eve arise from the N teloblast. To assess the function of Hro-eve, we examined embryos in which selected blastomeres had been injected with antisense Hro-eve morpholino oligonucleotide (AS-Hro-eve MO), concentrating on the primary neurogenic (N teloblast) lineage. Injection of AS-Hro-eve MO perturbed the normal patterns of teloblast and blast cell divisions and disrupted gangliogenesis. These results suggest that Hro-eve is important in regulating early cell divisions through early segmentation, and that it also plays a role in neuronal differentiation.

Key words: Leech, even-skipped, Segmentation, Annelid, Antisense oligonucleotides




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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2002