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doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.00500

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Development 130, 2589-2601 (2003)
Copyright © 2003 The Company of Biologists Limited

The C. elegans LIM homeobox gene lin-11 specifies multiple cell fates during vulval development

Bhagwati P. Gupta, Minqin Wang* and Paul W. Sternberg{dagger}

GHHMI and Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
* Present address: University of Illinois College of Law, Champaign, IL 61820, USAG

{dagger} Author for correspondence (e-mail: pws{at}caltech.edu)

Accepted 17 March 2003

LIM homeobox family members regulate a variety of cell fate choices during animal development. In C. elegans, mutations in the LIM homeobox gene lin-11 have previously been shown to alter the cell division pattern of a subset of the 2° lineage vulval cells. We demonstrate multiple functions of lin-11 during vulval development. We examined the fate of vulval cells in lin-11 mutant animals using five cellular markers and found that lin-11 is necessary for the patterning of both 1° and 2° lineage cells. In the absence of lin-11 function, vulval cells fail to acquire correct identity and inappropriately fuse with each other. The expression pattern of lin-11 reveals dynamic changes during development. Using a temporally controlled overexpression system, we show that lin-11 is initially required in vulval cells for establishing the correct invagination pattern. This process involves asymmetric expression of lin-11 in the 2° lineage cells. Using a conditional RNAi approach, we show that lin-11 regulates vulval morphogenesis. Finally, we show that LDB-1, a NLI/Ldb1/CLIM2 family member, interacts physically with LIN-11, and is necessary for vulval morphogenesis. Together, these findings demonstrate that temporal regulation of lin-11 is crucial for the wild-type vulval patterning.

Key words: C. elegans, lin-11, ldb-1, LIM homeodomain, Vulva, Differentiation




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© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2003