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First published online August 18, 2003
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.00669

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Development 130, 4527-4537 (2003)
Copyright © 2003 The Company of Biologists Limited

Spatial and temporal patterns of ERK signaling during mouse embryogenesis

Laura Beth Corson1, Yojiro Yamanaka1, Ka-Man Venus Lai1,2,* and Janet Rossant1,2,{dagger}

1 Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
2 Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada

{dagger} Author for correspondence (e-mail: rossant{at}mshri.on.ca)

Accepted 9 June 2003

Signaling between tissues is essential to form the complex, three-dimensional organization of an embryo. Because many receptor tyrosine kinases signal through the RAS-MAPK pathway, phosphorylated ERK can be used as an indicator of when and where signaling is active during development. Using whole-mount immunohistochemistry with antibodies specific to phosphorylated ERK1 and ERK2, we analyzed the location, timing, distribution, duration and intensity of ERK signaling during mouse embryogenesis (5-10.5 days postcoitum). Spatial and temporal domains of ERK activation were discrete with well-defined boundaries, indicating specific regulation of signaling in vivo. Prominent, sustained domains of ERK activation were seen in the ectoplacental cone, extra-embryonic ectoderm, limb buds, branchial arches, frontonasal process, forebrain, midbrain-hindbrain boundary, tailbud, foregut and liver. Transient activation was seen in neural crest, peripheral nervous system, nascent blood vessels, and anlagen of the eye, ear and heart. In the contiguous domains of ERK signaling, phospho-ERK staining was cytoplasmic with no sign of nuclear translocation. With few exceptions, the strongest domains of ERK activation correlated with regions of known or suspected fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling, and brief incubation with an inhibitor of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) specifically diminished the phospho-ERK staining in these regions. Although many domains of ERK activation were FGFR-dependent, not all domains of FGF signaling were phospho-ERK positive. These studies identify key domains of sustained ERK signaling in the intact mouse embryo, give significant insight into the regulation of this signaling in vivo and pinpoint regions where downstream target genes can be sought.

Key words: Mouse, Embryo, MAPK, ERK, FGF Signaling




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