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First published online 1 October 2003
doi: 10.1242/dev.00798

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Development 130, 5609-5624 (2003)
Copyright © 2003 The Company of Biologists Limited

The ß-catenin/VegT-regulated early zygotic gene Xnr5 is a direct target of SOX3 regulation

Chi Zhang*, Tamara Basta*, Eric D. Jensen and M. W. Klymkowsky{dagger}

Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347, USA

{dagger} Author for correspondence (e-mail: klym{at}spot.colorado.edu)

Accepted 12 August 2003

In Xenopus laevis, ß-catenin-mediated dorsal axis formation can be suppressed by overexpression of the HMG-box transcription factor XSOX3. Mutational analysis indicates that this effect is due not to the binding of XSOX3 to ß-catenin nor to its competition with ß-catenin-regulated TCF-type transcription factors for specific DNA binding sites, but rather to SOX3 binding to sites within the promoter of the early VegT- and ß-catenin-regulated dorsal-mesoderm-inducing gene Xnr5. Although B1-type SOX proteins, such as XSOX3, are commonly thought to act as transcriptional activators, XSOX3 acts as a transcriptional repressor of Xnr5 in both the intact embryo and animal caps injected with VegT RNA. Expression of a chimeric polypeptide composed of XSOX3 and a VP16 transcriptional activation domain or morpholino-induced decrease in endogenous XSOX3 polypeptide levels lead to an increase in Xnr5 expression, as does injection of an anti-XSOX3 antibody that inhibits XSOX3 DNA binding. These observations indicate that maternal XSOX3 acts in a novel manner to restrict Xnr5 expression to the vegetal hemisphere.

Key words: Xenopus, SOX3, Nodal-related protein, Xnr5, ß-Catenin, VegT




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