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First published online 20 October 2004
doi: 10.1242/dev.01455

Development 131, 5627-5637 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
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Conserved and acquired features of neurogenin1 regulation

Patrick Blader*,{dagger}, Chen Sok Lam*, Sepand Rastegar*, Raffaella Scardigli{ddagger}, Jean-Christophe Nicod, Nicolas Simplicio§, Charles Plessy, Nadine Fischer, Carol Schuurmans, François Guillemot§ and Uwe Strähle**,{dagger}{dagger}

Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, CU de Strasbourg, France

{dagger}{dagger} Author for correspondence (e-mail: uwe.straehle{at}itg.fzk.de)

Accepted 15 September 2004

The telencephalon shows vast morphological variations among different vertebrate groups. The transcription factor neurogenin1 (ngn1) controls neurogenesis in the mouse pallium and is also expressed in the dorsal telencephalon of the evolutionary distant zebrafish. The upstream regions of the zebrafish and mammalian ngn1 loci harbour several stretches of conserved sequences. Here, we show that the upstream region of zebrafish ngn1 is capable of faithfully recapitulating endogenous expression in the zebrafish and mouse telencephalon. A single conserved regulatory region is essential for dorsal telencephalic expression in the zebrafish, and for expression in the dorsal pallium of the mouse. However, a second conserved region that is inactive in the fish telencephalon is necessary for expression in the lateral pallium of mouse embryos. This regulatory region, which drives expression in the zebrafish diencephalon and hindbrain, is dependent on Pax6 activity and binds recombinant Pax6 in vitro. Thus, the regulatory elements of ngn1 appear to be conserved among vertebrates, with certain differences being incorporated in the utilisation of these enhancers, for the acquisition of more advanced features in amniotes. Our data provide evidence for the co-option of regulatory regions as a mechanism of evolutionary diversification of expression patterns, and suggest that an alteration in Pax6 expression was crucial in neocortex evolution.

Key words: neurogenin1, Pax6, Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Evolution, Neurogenesis, Transcription, Regulatory elements, Co-option, Zebrafish, Mouse




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