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First published online 10 July 2006
doi: 10.1242/dev.02463

Development 133, 3085-3095 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
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Regulation of Arabidopsis tapetum development and function by DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM1 (DYT1) encoding a putative bHLH transcription factor

Wei Zhang1,*, Yujin Sun1,*, Ljudmilla Timofejeva2, Changbin Chen1, Ueli Grossniklaus3 and Hong Ma1,{dagger}

1 Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
2 Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemiatee 15, Tallinn 19086, Estonia.
3 Institute of Plant Biology, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich CH-8008, Switzerland.

{dagger} Author for correspondence (e-mail: hxm16{at}psu.edu)

Accepted 30 May 2006

In flowering plants, male fertility depends on proper cell differentiation in the anther. However, relatively little is known about the genes that regulate anther cell differentiation and function. Here, we report the analysis of a new Arabidopsis male sterile mutant, dysfunctional tapetum1 (dyt1). The dyt1 mutant exhibits abnormal anther morphology beginning at anther stage 4, with tapetal cells that have excess and/or enlarged vacuoles and lack the densely stained cytoplasm typical of normal tapetal cells. The mutant meiocytes are able to complete meiosis I, but they do not have a thick callose wall; they often fail to complete meiotic cytokinesis and eventually collapse. DYT1 encodes a putative bHLH transcription factor and is strongly expressed in the tapetum from late anther stage 5 to early stage 6, and at a lower level in meiocytes. In addition, the level of DYT1 mRNA is reduced in the sporocyteless/nozzle (spl/nzz) and excess microsporocytes1/extra sporogenous cell (ems1/exs) mutants; together with the mutant phenotypes, this suggests that DYT1 acts downstream of SPL/NZZ and EMS1/EXS. RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of many tapetum-preferential genes are reduced significantly in the dyt1 mutant, indicating that DYT1 is important for the expression of tapetum genes. Our results support the hypothesis that DYT1 is a crucial component of a genetic network that controls anther development and function.

Key words: Pollen development, DYT1, SPL/NZZ, EMS1/EXS, Tapetum, bHLH Transcription factor




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