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First published online June 1, 2005
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/dev.01880


Development 132, 2679-2684 (2005)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2005


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From genes to plants via meristems

Angela Hay and Miltos Tsiantis*

Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK



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Fig. 1. Signalling processes that regulate stem cell activity and cell fate decisions at the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem (SAM). (A) Stem cells in the outer layers of the central zone of the SAM express CLAVATA3 (CLV3, green) and their activity is promoted by a signal emanating from WUSCHEL-expressing cells (WUS, red). CLV3 signals through CLV1 (blue) to restrict the WUS expression domain. (B) Leaf cell fate at the flanks of the SAM is promoted by ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (orange) and is prevented by the activity of KNOTTED1-like homeodomain proteins (purple) in the SAM. Directional flux of auxin via the polar distribution of the PINFORMED1 protein (blue) determines sites of leaf initiation.

 


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Fig. 2. Differential surface growth at meristem-lateral organ boundaries. Scanning electron micrograph of an Arabidopsis inflorescence, showing the meristem in the centre and floral primordia successively initiating at its flanks (F1,F2). (A) Plot crosses denote the directions in which the apex surface is either minimally or maximally curved. Black crossed arms indicate a convex surface and red crossed arms a concave one. Arm length is proportional to the curvature in these directions. (B) A colour map of the Gaussian curvature overlaid on the same micrograph. The colour scale indicates Gaussian curvature values in 10–1 m–2 (Dumais and Kwiatkowska, 2002Go). Where both red and black arms form a cross, the surface is saddle shaped and the Gaussian curvature is negative. This is seen at the boundaries between the meristem and floral primordia. Image courtesy of Dorota Kwiatkowska.

 


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Fig. 3. Stem cell specification in the root apical meristem. Stem cell activity is regulated by both the FEZ pathway (right) acting downstream of PIN1-directed auxin flux and the PLT proteins, and by G1 regulators acting downstream of the SHR/SCR pathway (left). Stem cells are shown in pink, with the stem cell subpopulation that specifically responds to the FEZ pathway and `G1 regulators' shown in dark pink. Image courtesy of Ben Scheres.

 





© The Company of Biologists Ltd 2005