Fig. 3. Larval ecdysis behavior in KO animals. (A) Timing of morphological and behavioral markers at ecdysis from the 2nd to the 3rd larval instar. (B) Direct comparison of the duration of pre-ecdysis (a) and of the components of ecdysis (b). Open bars show the period between DMP and onset of pre-ecdysis (gray bar). `Air' marks the time of entry of air into the 3rd instar trachea. Pre-ecdysis terminates with the occurrence of `biting' behavior (B), which is then followed by the expression of posterior-to-anterior peristalses (P/A) and the ensuing shedding of the old cuticle (E, ecdysis). Records were aligned relative to the time of tracheal air filling (`Air') and are averages±s.e.m.; n=8 for each group. These data and the statistical significance of the observed differences are given in Table 1.

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