Fig. 1. Nomarski micrographs of the pharynx and the lateral cuticle of mutant dauer larvae. (A) sdf-9(ut163) dauer-like larva. (B) daf-9(e1406) dauer-like larva. (C) daf-7(e1372) dauer larva. Left and right panels show the pharynx and the alae, respectively. In the left panels the arrows indicate the terminal bulb and the arrowheads the isthmus. The pharynxes of sdf-9 and daf-9 mutants are similar to the L3 pharynx and thicker than the daf-7 dauer pharynx, which looks like the pharynx of the wild-type dauer larva. In addition to pharyngeal morphology, the pharynx of normal dauer larvae (e.g. wild type, daf-7, and daf-2) never pumps, whereas those of sdf-9 and daf-9 dauer larvae pump. The arrowheads in the right panels indicate longitudinal ridges called alae. They are present at the L1, dauer, and adult stages but absent at the L3 stage. Scale bar: 10 µm.

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