|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | ||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Files in this Data Supplement:
Fig. S1. Interspersed melanophores, xanthophores and erythrophores on the flank of adult D. albolineatus (~30 mm standard length). (A) Low magnification image showing dispersed melanophores, and the irregular and narrow interstripe region (arrow). (B) Higher magnification image of the same fish following topical application of 10 mg/ml epinephrine treatment, which causes melanophores to retract melanin-containing melanosomes from the periphery. The interstripe region lies in the upper half of the panel; illumination in this image mostly obscures iridescent iridophores that are present as well. Red erythrophores (e.g. arrow) and yellow-orange xanthophores (e.g. arrowheads) are abundant. (C) Detail of boxed region in B, showing erythrophores (arrow) and xanthophores (arrowheads). Scale bars: A, 500 mm; B, 60 mm; C, 20 mm.
Fig. S2. Enhanced development of xanthophores and erythrophores in D. choprae compared with D. rerio. (A) A D. rerio larva at an early stage of pigment pattern metamorphosis exhibits few xanthophores (see text). (B) An equivalently staged D. choprae larva exhibits a yellow cast to the entire flank resulting from the large number of xanthophores that already have differentiated. (C) During middle stages of pigment pattern metamorphosis, D. choprae exhibit numerous xanthophores and orange-red erythrophores in the developing primary interstripe region (arrow). (D) Adult D. choprae exhibit a nearly uniform background pattern of melanophores in addition to vertical bars (see Fig. 2N). Xanthophores and erythrophores are abundant along the horizontal myoseptum (arrow), and paler xanthophores are widely dispersed over the flank (arrowheads indicate just a few of many). Scale bars: A, 500 mm; C, 160 m; D, 100 mm.
Fig. S3. duchamp mutant D. rerio have fewer melanophores and altered melanophore organization. (A) Heterozygous duchamp mutant D. rerio develop well-organized spots of melanophores that result from active rearrangements of initially dispersed melanophores (rather than clones of single precursors; D.M.P. and E.L.M., unpublished). (B) Homozygous duchamp mutant D. rerio exhibit less regular arrangements of melanophores and are severely runted (shown is a sibling to fish in A). Xanthophores and iridophores are not obviously affected in duchamp mutants; heterozygotes and homozygotes have fin defects. Fish size: A, 25 mm standard length; B, 20 mm standard length.
Movies 1-6. Time-lapse animations reveal differences in melanophore morphogenesis during pigment pattern metamorphosis of D. rerio (Movies 1, 3, 5) and D. albolineatus (Movies 2, 4, 6). Movies are animations compiled from sequential images of individual, representative larvae during pigment pattern metamorphosis. All images are rescaled so that only changes in melanophore numbers and positions are evident, rather than overall growth of the flank that occurs during this time.
Movie 1. Low final magnification showing most of the flank, beginning near the onset of pigment pattern metamorphosis and ending about two-thirds of the way through pigment pattern metamorphosis, when adult pigment patterns have emerged but are not yet completed. Animations were compiled after first splicing together three to five higher magnification images for each larva at each time interval. In D. rerio, metamorphic melanophores differentiate dispersed over the myotomes, and also at sites of adult stripe formation. Near the end of the movie, adult melanophore stripes become increasingly distinct as some melanophores move short distances to join dorsal and ventral stripe margins.
Movie 2. Low final magnification showing most of the flank, beginning near the onset of pigment pattern metamorphosis and ending about two-thirds of the way through pigment pattern metamorphosis, when adult pigment patterns have emerged but are not yet completed. Animations were compiled after first splicing together three to five higher magnification images for each larva at each time interval. In D. albolineatus, melanophores also differentiate widely over the myotomes, but fewer of these cells persist. Although a weak pattern of melanophore stripes arises, especially posteriorly, melanophores outside the stripes typically do not migrate to join the stripes, and relatively few new melanophores differentiate within the stripes. During later development as the fish grows, the initial weak stripe pattern becomes less distinct.
Movie 3. Medium magnification showing melanophore morphogenesis from early stages of pigment pattern metamorphosis through completion of the adult pigment patterns. In D. rerio, pigment pattern metamorphosis is characterized by the accumulation of many new metamorphic melanophores both inside and outside of developing stripes, as well as the migration of some of these cells to sites of stripe formation.
Movie 4. Medium magnification showing melanophore morphogenesis from early stages of pigment pattern metamorphosis through completion of the adult pigment patterns. In D. albolineatus, there are fewer persisting melanophores through pigment pattern metamorphosis, owing to an increased frequency of melanophore death, and directional movements of melanophores into stripes are diminished as compared with D. rerio.
Movie 5. Detail showing melanophore morphogenesis immediately dorsal to the developing adult primary dorsal melanophore stripe. In D. rerio, many metamorphic melanophores already have differentiated in this region at the beginning of the animation. As development proceeds, some of these melanophores move small distances ventrally to join the edge of the developing melanophore stripe (arrows indicate two melanophores exhibiting this behavior).
Movie 6. Detail showing melanophore morphogenesis immediately dorsal to the developing adult primary dorsal melanophore stripe. In D. albolineatus, there are fewer melanophores overall and they do not exhibit strongly directional movements as in D. rerio. Additionally, melanophores frequently appear and then disappear over short time intervals.
| ||||||||||||||||||||
