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Fig. 5. Proposed model for the role of the ExE in patterning the pre-gastrulation
mouse embryo. Signalling by the epiblast induces the AVE (pink arrows) and
inhibitory signals from the ExE restrict this induction to the distal tip of
the embryo (inhibitory arrows), The ExE also induces the expression of
proximal/posterior markers in the epiblast (orange arrows). In embryos where
the ExE has been removed, the epiblast induces AVE markers throughout the
visceral endoderm and no expression of proximal/posterior markers is observed
in the epiblast.