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Fig. 9. A two-phase model of muscle arm development. (A) Three myoblasts (red), which juxtapose a motoneuron (green) during mid-embryogenesis. The nucleus of the centre myoblast is shown. (B) Myoblasts either migrate away or are displaced from the motoneuron, leaving a muscle arm membrane attachment behind. This is the first phase of muscle arm development. (C) The activity of unc-54/MHC-B and lev-11/tropomyosin are required to modify the morphology of the embryonic muscle arm. (D) The myoblasts complete differentiation, including the obliquely arranged sarcomeres (dark red lines represent anisotropic bands). (E) After embryogenesis and early in larval development, post-embryonic neurons develop (additional green lines). These additional axons may induce larval muscle arm extension through the secretion of a chemotropic cue. This is the second phase of muscle arm development and is dependant on actin, unc-54/MHC-B, lev-11/tropomyosin and the F-actin depolymerization activity of unc-60B/ADF/cofilin.





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