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Fig. 2. Extracellular regulation of TGFß ligand family activity. Ligand
activity can be masked in latent complexes and activated by the action of
extracellular metalloproteases in the BMP1/Tolloid family
(Massague, 1998;
Dale, 2000;
Ashe, 2005). Activity can be
modulated both positively and negatively by cell surface proteins, as
discussed in the text. This figure provides a snapshot of systems discussed at
the meeting, and is not intended to be a comprehensive review. Abbreviations:
Sog, Short gastrulation, Tsg, Twisted gastrulation