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Fig. 7. Genetic evidence for the development of cloacal/perineal muscles depending on leg field. (A) limbless chick mutant HH36 before skinning for hybridisation. (B) Ventral view of the cloaca of limbless chick mutant after MyoD hybridisation reveals complete bilateral (arrows) absence of all cloacal muscles. Pubocaudal (PCI and PCE) and tail muscles are again normal. (C) p63-null E16.5 mutant mouse shows the presence of all perineal muscles. BS, m. bulbospongiosus; ISC, m. ischiocavernosus; LA, m. levator ani; PCE, m. pubocaudalis externus; PCI, m. pubocaudalis internus; PCL, m. pelvicaudalis lateralis; SA, m. sphincter ani externus.





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