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Fig. 11. A model of limb bud skeletal development showing molecules that may
influence the various stages of cellular morphogenesis and differentiation. We
propose that GDF5, Barx2 and Sox9 act at two stages of skeletal development:
cellular aggregation and chondrogenic differentiation. By contrast, BMPs are
most probably involved only in the second step of skeletal development –
chondrogenic differentiation. Barx2 expression in the limb bud mesenchymal
cells first promotes cellular aggregation by inducing the expression of
certain cell-adhesion molecules. Later, Barx2 promotes chondrogenic
differentiation via the regulation of the expression of collagen II and other
genes. The nature of the relationship between Barx2 and Sox9 remains to be
determined.
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