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First published online 17 December 2003
doi: 10.1242/dev.00944

Development 131, 401-411 (2004)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2004
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Both Cyclin B levels and DNA-replication checkpoint control the early embryonic mitoses in Drosophila

Jun-Yuan Ji1, Jayne M. Squirrell2 and Gerold Schubiger1,*

1 Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
2 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: gerold{at}u.washington.edu)

Accepted 24 October 2003

The earliest embryonic mitoses in Drosophila, as in other animals except mammals, are viewed as synchronous and of equal duration. However, we observed that total cell-cycle length steadily increases after cycle 7, solely owing to the extension of interphase. Between cycle 7 and cycle 10, this extension is DNA-replication checkpoint independent, but correlates with the onset of Cyclin B oscillation. In addition, nuclei in the middle of embryos have longer metaphase and shorter anaphase than nuclei at the two polar regions. Interestingly, sister chromatids move faster in anaphase in the middle than the posterior region. These regional differences correlate with local differences in Cyclin B concentration. After cycle 10, interphase and total cycle duration of nuclei in the middle of the embryo are longer than at the poles. Because interphase also extends in checkpoint mutant (grapes) embryo after cycle 10, although less dramatic than wild-type embryos, interphase extension after cycle 10 is probably controlled by both Cyclin B limitation and the DNA-replication checkpoint.

Key words: Early embryonic mitosis, Cdk1-CycB, Drosophila, Metaphase, Interphase




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